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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00095_Text_rem01t.txt
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1997-02-04
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Infants, even before they are
able to crawl and move about,
may achieve constancy in a
similar way. They may achieve
it through frequent early
perception of moving objects.
Particularly relevant might be
the movement of people toward
and away from the crib. In
order to investigate this
possibility, researchers have
attempted to isolate this factor
of a change of size of the
stimulus by projecting patterns
on a screen in front of the
subject and then zooming the
lens so as to cause the pattern
to enlarge or shrink. The
phenomenon has been referred
to as the "looming effect."
Adult observers experience
such expanding or contracting
patterns as objects approaching
or receding, as everyone knows
from viewing movies,
television, animated cartoons,
and the like. Substantial
evidence indicates that
monkey and human infants as
young as two weeks of age
experience these patterns in
the same way. The experiments
on this issue make use of the
fact that an object perceived to
be rapidly approaching and on a
collision course with the
observer will produce an alarm
reaction. When, however, the
projected pattern rapidly
shrinks, simulating recession
of an object, or when it expands
but is not on a collision course
with the observer, the alarm
reaction does not occur. Thus
the presence of this reaction
makes it quite probable that the
looming effect is innately
determined and does not
require prior experience. If we
assume that the expanding
image pattern appears to the
infant the way it does to us, as
a thing approaching (rather
than simply as a thing at one
distance expanding in size), we
can conclude that size
constancy is innate under
dynamic conditions. The
innate basis of constancy
under dynamic conditions
might then be the vehicle by
which infants learn about
constancy under static
conditions.